I think the best way for you to see Florida would be with a rented car. You can easily pick up a car at Orlando and use it to tour all of Florida. The roads are very good and navigation is very easy. From Orlando, you can drive to Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center in one hour. You can drive to Tampa, Clearwater and St.Petersburg in less than two hours. You can drive to Miami, Fort Lauderdale and the Everglades in less than four hours.
In ten days, you can easily visit the amusement parks in Orlando for a few days, then drive a tour all around Florida. You can easily drive down one coast and come back up along the other coast. This would only take two days, so you will have plenty of time to stop and see many things.
One of the largest discount shopping malls in the USA is the Sawgrass Mills Mall near Fort Lauderdale less than one hour drive from Miami.
I don't know if your cruise is departing from Miami or from Cape Canaveral. Both of these ports have many cruise ships leaving for the Carribean.